El fotoperiodo en el cultivo interior de marihuana
¿Qué es el fotoperiodo?
En Biología, se denomina fotoperiodo a los tiempos relativos diarios de luz y oscuridad a los que los distintos organismos se ven sometidos. En Botánica, se entiende este concepto como una unidad de alternancia entre los periodos de luz y oscuridad cuya repetición provoca la floración de las plantas. Se entiende que cada planta tiene su fotoperiodo específico, normalmente determinado por el número de horas seguidas de oscuridad necesarias para iniciar la floración.
En el mundo vegetal, tanto la intensidad lumínica como las horas diarias de luz/oscuridad determinan las funciones biológicas de los organismos, como su germinación, crecimiento, floración y maduración. Así, el desarrollo de las plantas puede activarse o no dependiendo de las condiciones lumínicas, por lo que, por ejemplo, la mayoría de especies no florecerán jamás a no ser que tengan un número determinado de horas seguidas de oscuridad.
Como es lógico, en la naturaleza este fotoperiodo viene determinado por la estación del año y el ciclo solar. Pero, ¿y en los cultivos de interior con luces artificiales? La respuesta, lógica también, es que en las instalaciones indoor es el cultivador quien decide el fotoperiodo que recibirán sus plantas, controlando de esta manera si éstas permanecen en fase vegetativa (crecimiento) o entran en floración.
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